623 ESL Conversation Questions on Talking about History

Learning to talk about history in English is crucial for ESL students. It helps them understand past events, discuss historical figures, and engage in meaningful conversations about different periods and civilizations.

ESL teachers can use these conversation questions to help students practice speaking and participating in daily conversations about history, including significant events, historical movements, cultural heritage, and historical sites. These questions are excellent for building vocabulary and boosting confidence in discussing historical topics.

This resource has 623 questions in 12 categories for all skill levels, from beginners to advanced learners, ensuring that every student can participate. These questions create fun and interactive learning experiences when used in different speaking activities like class discussions, historical debates, or presentations.

By using these questions in the classroom, students will improve their ability to talk about history in English. This will help them become more knowledgeable, critical thinkers, and effective communicators in various settings.

This set of 623 history conversation questions, divided into 12 categories and six proficiency levels, is a valuable tool for ESL teachers to teach speaking skills and promote discussions about history among ESL students.

Category 1: Talking about Ancient Civilizations

Beginner (A1):

1. What is an ancient civilization?
2. Can you name any ancient civilizations?
3. What did people in ancient civilizations usually eat?
4. Did ancient civilizations have cities?
5. Did ancient civilizations use writing?
6. What were houses like in ancient civilizations?
7. What kind of clothes did people wear in ancient civilizations?
8. Did ancient civilizations have kings or queens?
9. What did people do for fun in ancient civilizations?
10. Can you name one famous building from an ancient civilization?

Elementary (A2):

11. Why do we study ancient civilizations?
12. How did ancient civilizations communicate?
13. What were some famous achievements of ancient civilizations?
14. Did ancient civilizations have religions?
15. How did ancient civilizations travel long distances?
16. What were some common jobs in ancient civilizations?
17. Were there any wars between ancient civilizations?
18. What were some important inventions of ancient civilizations?
19. Can you describe a typical day in the life of someone from an ancient civilization?
20. How did ancient civilizations record their history?

Intermediate (B1):

21. How did geography influence the development of ancient civilizations?
22. What were the major trade routes of ancient civilizations?
23. How did ancient civilizations handle law and order?
24. What were the roles of men and women in ancient civilizations?
25. How did ancient civilizations handle healthcare?
26. What were some significant events that led to the decline of ancient civilizations?
27. What were some similarities and differences between different ancient civilizations?
28. How did ancient civilizations treat their conquered peoples?
29. Can you explain the concept of slavery in ancient civilizations?
30. How did ancient civilizations contribute to the arts and sciences?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. What were the main sources of power in ancient civilizations?
32. How did ancient civilizations build their cities and monuments?
33. What were some notable architectural achievements of ancient civilizations?
34. How did ancient civilizations view death and the afterlife?
35. What were the social hierarchies like in ancient civilizations?
36. How did ancient civilizations handle education?
37. Can you discuss the impact of religion on ancient civilizations?
38. How did ancient civilizations record and preserve knowledge?
39. How did ancient civilizations handle conflicts between different groups?
40. What were some key turning points in the history of ancient civilizations?

Advanced (C1):

41. How did environmental factors contribute to the rise and fall of ancient civilizations?
42. What were the economic systems of ancient civilizations like?
43. How did ancient civilizations influence each other through trade and cultural exchange?
44. Can you analyze the role of women in ancient civilizations?
45. What were some of the major philosophical ideas of ancient civilizations?
46. How did ancient civilizations contribute to the development of mathematics and science?
47. Can you discuss the concept of empire-building in ancient civilizations?
48. How did ancient civilizations manage their agricultural systems?
49. What were the environmental impacts of ancient civilizations?
50. Can you evaluate the legacy of ancient civilizations on modern society?

Proficient (C2):

51. How did religion shape the political landscape of ancient civilizations?
52. What were some notable examples of urban planning in ancient civilizations?
53. Can you analyze the role of warfare in the expansion and decline of ancient civilizations?
54. How did ancient civilizations handle issues of governance and leadership?
55. What were some of the most enduring cultural legacies of ancient civilizations?
56. How did ancient civilizations contribute to the development of writing systems?
57. Can you discuss the role of trade networks in the sustainability of ancient civilizations?
58. What were some challenges faced by ancient civilizations in terms of resource management?
59. How did ancient civilizations adapt to changes in their environment?
60. Can you speculate on what the future might have been like if certain ancient civilizations had never existed?

Category 2: Talking about History of World Wars

Beginner (A1):

1. What are World Wars?
2. How many World Wars were there?
3. When did the World Wars happen?
4. Who fought in the World Wars?
5. Why were they called World Wars?
6. Were there any winners in the World Wars?
7. What was life like during the World Wars?
8. Did people have to leave their homes during the World Wars?
9. Were there any famous leaders during the World Wars?
10. How did the World Wars end?

Elementary (A2):

11. What were the main causes of the World Wars?
12. Can you name the countries involved in World War I?
13. Can you name the countries involved in World War II?
14. What were some famous battles of World War I?
15. What were some famous battles of World War II?
16. How did the World Wars affect civilians?
17. What were some technological advancements made during the World Wars?
18. What role did propaganda play in the World Wars?
19. How did the World Wars change the world?
20. Can you name some key figures from the World Wars?

Intermediate (B1):

21. How did alliances contribute to the outbreak of the World Wars?
22. What was the Treaty of Versailles, and how did it impact the world?
23. What were the different fronts in World War I?
24. What strategies were used in trench warfare during World War I?
25. How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to World War II?
26. What was the impact of the Great Depression on the lead-up to World War II?
27. How did the role of women change during the World Wars?
28. What were some key turning points in both World Wars?
29. How did technology change warfare during the World Wars?
30. Can you discuss the role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during the World Wars?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. What were some major political consequences of the World Wars?
32. How did the Treaty of Versailles lead to World War II?
33. What was the Holocaust, and how did it impact the world?
34. What were some significant diplomatic events during the World Wars?
35. How did the World Wars impact different regions of the world?
36. Can you discuss the impact of the atomic bombings on World War II?
37. What were some challenges faced by soldiers during the World Wars?
38. How did the home front contribute to the war effort during the World Wars?
39. What were some key advancements in military strategy during the World Wars?
40. How did the World Wars shape the modern world order?

Advanced (C1):

41. How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the rise of fascism in Europe?
42. Can you analyze the impact of total war on societies during the World Wars?
43. How did the role of colonial troops shape the World Wars?
44. What were the consequences of the World Wars for the environment?
45. How did the World Wars contribute to the decline of colonial empires?
46. Can you discuss the impact of war crimes trials on post-World War II society?
47. How did the World Wars lead to the creation of international organizations?
48. What were some long-term economic effects of the World Wars?
49. How did the World Wars shape cultural attitudes towards war and conflict?
50. Can you evaluate the effectiveness of different peace treaties in ending the World Wars?

Proficient (C2):

51. How did the World Wars influence the development of international law?
52. Can you analyze the role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during the World Wars?
53. How did the World Wars influence the development of technology in the post-war period?
54. What were some legacies of the World Wars in terms of refugee movements?
55. How did the World Wars impact the decolonization movements?
56. Can you discuss the role of intelligence agencies during the World Wars?
57. How did the World Wars influence literature and the arts?
58. What were some examples of resistance movements during the World Wars?
59. How did the World Wars shape the concept of human rights?
60. Can you speculate on what the world might look like if the World Wars had never happened?

Category 3: Talking about Famous Leaders and Figures

Beginner (A1):

1. Who are leaders?
2. Can you name any famous leaders?
3. What do leaders do?
4. Are leaders always politicians?
5. Can you name a leader from your country?
6. What qualities make a good leader?
7. Do leaders make important decisions?
8. How do leaders help their people?
9. Can you think of a leader from history?
10. Why do people look up to leaders?

Elementary (A2):

11. What is the difference between a leader and a ruler?
12. Can you name a leader who fought for equal rights?
13. How do leaders inspire others?
14. Can you name a famous leader who was also a writer?
15. Do leaders have to be good speakers?
16. What challenges do leaders face?
17. Can you name a leader who led their country to independence?
18. How do leaders handle disagreements?
19. Can you name a leader who changed the world?
20. How do leaders show empathy?

Intermediate (B1):

21. Can you compare the leadership styles of different historical figures?
22. How do leaders handle criticism?
23. Can you discuss the role of leaders in times of crisis?
24. What impact do leaders have on society?
25. Can you name a leader who advocated for peace?
26. How do leaders build trust?
27. Can you analyze the legacy of a famous leader?
28. How do leaders navigate ethical dilemmas?
29. Can you discuss the role of leaders in promoting social justice?
30. What lessons can we learn from famous leaders?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. How do leaders influence public opinion?
32. Can you analyze the relationship between power and leadership?
33. How do leaders foster innovation?
34. Can you discuss the role of leaders in shaping national identity?
35. How do leaders handle international relations?
36. Can you evaluate the effectiveness of leadership in times of war?
37. How do leaders balance personal beliefs with public expectations?
38. Can you discuss the role of gender in leadership?
39. How do leaders adapt to changing circumstances?
40. Can you compare the leadership styles of different political leaders?

Advanced (C1):

41. How do leaders impact economic policy?
42. Can you analyze the role of charisma in leadership?
43. How do leaders address systemic issues within society?
44. Can you discuss the role of leaders in addressing global challenges?
45. How do leaders manage power dynamics within their own organizations?
46. Can you evaluate the role of leadership in promoting sustainability?
47. How do leaders navigate conflicts of interest?
48. Can you discuss the ethics of leadership in the modern world?
49. How do leaders balance short-term goals with long-term vision?
50. Can you speculate on the qualities of effective leadership in the future?

Proficient (C2):

51. How do leaders shape political ideologies?
52. Can you analyze the role of leadership in promoting human rights?
53. How do leaders influence cultural norms and values?
54. Can you discuss the impact of leadership on global governance?
55. How do leaders address issues of inequality and discrimination?
56. Can you evaluate the role of leadership in promoting democracy?
57. How do leaders address the challenges of globalization?
58. Can you discuss the role of leadership in technological advancement?
59. How do leaders foster collaboration and cooperation?
60. Can you speculate on the future of leadership in a rapidly changing world?

Category 4: Talking about Revolutions and Movements

Beginner (A1):

1. What is a revolution?
2. Can you name any famous revolutions?
3. What happens during a revolution?
4. Do revolutions happen quickly or slowly?
5. Why do people start revolutions?
6. What are some peaceful ways to bring about change?
7. Can you name a person who led a revolution?
8. How do revolutions change societies?
9. What are some common goals of revolutions?
10. How do people feel during a revolution?

Elementary (A2):

11. What are some examples of social movements?
12. Can you explain the difference between a revolution and a protest?
13. How do revolutions affect the economy?
14. What role do young people play in revolutions?
15. Can you name a revolution that happened in the past century?
16. How do revolutions impact the rights of citizens?
17. What are some challenges faced by revolutionaries?
18. Can you discuss the role of technology in modern revolutions?
19. How do revolutions impact culture?
20. Can you name a famous speech from a revolutionary leader?

Intermediate (B1):

21. How do revolutions spread from one country to another?
22. Can you compare and contrast different types of revolutions?
23. What role does social media play in contemporary revolutions?
24. How do governments respond to revolutions?
25. Can you analyze the role of ideology in revolutions?
26. What are some common tactics used by revolutionary groups?
27. How do revolutions impact international relations?
28. Can you discuss the role of propaganda in revolutions?
29. How do revolutions influence the course of history?
30. Can you name a revolution that failed to achieve its goals?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. How do revolutions impact the lives of ordinary citizens?
32. Can you discuss the role of education in revolutions?
33. What are some examples of nonviolent revolutions?
34. How do revolutions affect the distribution of power?
35. Can you analyze the role of leadership in successful revolutions?
36. How do revolutions impact human rights?
37. What role does the media play in covering revolutions?
38. Can you discuss the role of foreign intervention in revolutions?
39. How do revolutions shape the political landscape?
40. Can you evaluate the long-term consequences of revolutions?

Advanced (C1):

41. How do revolutions redefine national identities?
42. Can you discuss the role of religion in revolutions?
43. What are some examples of revolutions that led to totalitarian regimes?
44. How do revolutions impact economic systems?
45. Can you analyze the role of violence in revolutions?
46. How do revolutions influence the formation of new governments?
47. What are some challenges faced by post-revolutionary societies?
48. Can you discuss the role of memory and commemoration in post-revolutionary societies?
49. How do revolutions influence social movements in other countries?
50. Can you speculate on the future of revolutions in the 21st century?

Proficient (C2):

51. How do revolutions challenge existing power structures?
52. Can you analyze the role of revolutionary literature and art?
53. What are some examples of revolutions that failed to bring about lasting change?
54. How do revolutions impact the environment?
55. Can you discuss the role of international organizations in supporting revolutions?
56. How do revolutions impact the concept of citizenship?
57. What are some examples of revolutions that led to democratic transitions?
58. How do revolutions reshape the geopolitical landscape?
59. Can you discuss the role of technology in facilitating revolutions?
60. How do revolutions shape the collective memory of societies?

Category 5: Talking about Technological Advancements

Beginner (A1):

1. What is technology?
2. Can you name any modern technologies?
3. How do you use technology in your daily life?
4. What are some examples of electronic devices?
5. How has technology changed over time?
6. Can you name a famous inventor?
7. What are some benefits of technology?
8. How do people communicate using technology?
9. What are some examples of transportation technology?
10. Can you name a popular social media platform?

Elementary (A2):

11. How has technology improved healthcare?
12. Can you explain how smartphones work?
13. What are some examples of renewable energy technologies?
14. How do people access information using technology?
15. Can you name a famous technological innovation from the past century?
16. What role does technology play in education?
17. How has technology changed the way we travel?
18. Can you discuss the impact of technology on the environment?
19. How do people stay connected with friends and family using technology?
20. Can you name a famous tech company?

Intermediate (B1):

21. What are some ethical considerations related to technology?
22. How has technology changed the way we work?
23. Can you discuss the role of artificial intelligence in modern technology?
24. How do governments regulate technology?
25. What are some emerging technologies that could shape the future?
26. Can you explain how e-commerce works?
27. How does technology impact the entertainment industry?
28. Can you discuss the role of technology in transportation innovation?
29. How do advancements in technology impact global economies?
30. Can you name a revolutionary technological advancement from history?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. How do privacy concerns intersect with technology?
32. Can you analyze the impact of social media on society?
33. What role does technology play in addressing global challenges like climate change?
34. How do technological advancements impact job markets?
35. Can you discuss the role of technology in space exploration?
36. How do emerging technologies like blockchain and virtual reality work?
37. What are some examples of bio-technological advancements?
38. Can you evaluate the role of big data in modern technology?
39. How do cultural attitudes towards technology vary around the world?
40. Can you discuss the role of technology in enhancing accessibility for people with disabilities?

Advanced (C1):

41. How do emerging technologies like quantum computing and nanotechnology work?
42. Can you analyze the impact of automation on various industries?
43. What are some potential risks associated with artificial intelligence?
44. How do technological advancements impact geopolitics?
45. Can you discuss the role of technology in addressing inequality?
46. How do cybersecurity concerns intersect with technological advancements?
47. What are some examples of biometric technology?
48. Can you evaluate the role of technology in modern warfare?
49. How do advancements in robotics impact labor markets?
50. Can you speculate on the future of wearable technology?

Proficient (C2):

51. How do advancements in genetic engineering raise ethical questions?
52. Can you discuss the role of technology in addressing global health challenges?
53. What are some examples of disruptive technologies?
54. How do technological advancements impact urban planning and infrastructure?
55. Can you analyze the role of technology in shaping political discourse?
56. How do advancements in autonomous vehicles impact transportation systems?
57. What role does technology play in addressing food security issues?
58. Can you discuss the role of technology in enhancing privacy and security?
59. How do emerging technologies impact the concept of human identity?
60. Can you speculate on the potential societal impacts of future technological advancements?

Category 6: Talking about Cultural Heritage and Traditions

Beginner (A1):

1. What is cultural heritage?
2. Can you name any traditional celebrations from your country?
3. How do people preserve their cultural heritage?
4. What are some examples of traditional clothing?
5. Can you name a famous cultural monument?
6. How do people pass down traditions to younger generations?
7. What role do festivals play in preserving cultural heritage?
8. Can you name a traditional dish from your culture?
9. How do people celebrate weddings in your culture?
10. What are some examples of traditional music?

Elementary (A2):

11. How do people celebrate birthdays in your culture?
12. Can you describe a traditional dance from your country?
13. What are some common superstitions in your culture?
14. How do people celebrate New Year’s Eve in your country?
15. Can you explain the significance of a traditional holiday in your culture?
16. What are some examples of folk tales from your culture?
17. How do people greet each other in your culture?
18. Can you name a traditional craft or art form from your country?
19. How do people celebrate religious holidays in your culture?
20. What are some traditional games played in your culture?

Intermediate (B1):

21. How has globalization impacted cultural heritage?
22. Can you discuss the role of UNESCO in preserving cultural heritage?
23. What are some examples of intangible cultural heritage?
24. How do migration and diaspora influence cultural traditions?
25. Can you analyze the role of language in preserving cultural heritage?
26. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to tourism?
27. Can you discuss the importance of oral traditions in preserving cultural heritage?
28. How do museums contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage?
29. Can you explain the concept of cultural appropriation?
30. How do communities come together to preserve their cultural heritage?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. Can you analyze the impact of colonialism on indigenous cultural heritage?
32. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to national identity?
33. Can you discuss the role of traditional medicine in cultural heritage?
34. How do traditional storytelling techniques vary across cultures?
35. Can you discuss the role of food in preserving cultural heritage?
36. How do cultural heritage organizations work to protect artifacts and sites?
37. Can you evaluate the role of technology in preserving cultural heritage?
38. How do cultural heritage practices evolve over time?
39. Can you analyze the role of cultural heritage in sustainable development?
40. How do conflicts impact the preservation of cultural heritage?

Advanced (C1):

41. Can you discuss the concept of cultural relativism in preserving cultural heritage?
42. How do indigenous peoples advocate for the protection of their cultural heritage?
43. Can you analyze the impact of climate change on cultural heritage sites?
44. How do cultural heritage laws vary across different countries?
45. Can you discuss the role of traditional knowledge in preserving biodiversity?
46. How do globalization and modernization affect traditional cultural practices?
47. Can you evaluate the role of digital technologies in documenting cultural heritage?
48. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to sustainable tourism?
49. Can you discuss the ethics of repatriating cultural artifacts?
50. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to intercultural dialogue?

Proficient (C2):

51. Can you analyze the role of indigenous languages in preserving cultural heritage?
52. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to peacebuilding efforts?
53. Can you discuss the impact of armed conflict on cultural heritage preservation?
54. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to social cohesion?
55. Can you evaluate the role of education in promoting cultural heritage preservation?
56. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to economic development?
57. Can you discuss the role of international organizations in preserving cultural heritage?
58. How do cultural heritage practices contribute to resilience in communities?
59. Can you analyze the role of cultural heritage in promoting human rights?
60. How do cultural heritage sites contribute to global cultural diplomacy?

Category 7: Talking about Exploration and Discovery

Beginner (A1):

1. What is exploration?
2. Can you name any famous explorers?
3. How do people explore new places?
4. What are some tools explorers use?
5. Why do people explore?
6. Can you name a continent?
7. How do explorers find their way?
8. What dangers do explorers face?
9. Can you name a famous expedition?
10. How do explorers communicate with each other?

Elementary (A2):

11. Can you describe a famous expedition from history?
12. What are some common destinations for exploration?
13. How do explorers prepare for their journeys?
14. What are some examples of natural wonders discovered by explorers?
15. Can you name a famous ship used for exploration?
16. How do explorers document their findings?
17. What role do maps play in exploration?
18. Can you explain the difference between exploration and discovery?
19. How do explorers deal with extreme weather conditions?
20. Can you name a famous landmark discovered by explorers?

Intermediate (B1):

21. Can you discuss the impact of exploration on indigenous peoples?
22. How do explorers navigate across oceans?
23. Can you analyze the motivations behind famous exploration expeditions?
24. What are some challenges faced by modern-day explorers?
25. How do explorers adapt to unfamiliar environments?
26. Can you discuss the role of technology in modern exploration?
27. How do explorers fund their expeditions?
28. Can you evaluate the ethics of exploration?
29. How do explorers balance the desire for discovery with environmental conservation?
30. Can you name a famous female explorer from history?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. How do explorers conduct scientific research during their expeditions?
32. Can you discuss the psychological challenges faced by explorers?
33. What are some examples of groundbreaking discoveries made by explorers?
34. How do explorers address cultural sensitivities when interacting with indigenous communities?
35. Can you analyze the impact of exploration on global trade and commerce?
36. How do explorers handle medical emergencies during expeditions?
37. Can you discuss the role of politics in exploration missions?
38. How do explorers mitigate the environmental impact of their expeditions?
39. Can you evaluate the role of international collaboration in exploration efforts?
40. How do explorers contribute to our understanding of climate change?

Advanced (C1):

41. Can you discuss the role of colonialism in historical exploration?
42. How do explorers navigate legal complexities when exploring international waters?
43. Can you analyze the role of exploration in the context of space missions?
44. How do explorers address ethical dilemmas when uncovering sensitive information?
45. Can you discuss the role of indigenous knowledge in guiding exploration efforts?
46. How do explorers contribute to biodiversity conservation?
47. Can you evaluate the impact of exploration on cultural exchange and globalization?
48. How do explorers adapt to the physical and mental demands of long-term expeditions?
49. Can you discuss the role of exploration in shaping national identities?
50. How do explorers contribute to the preservation of endangered species?

Proficient (C2):

51. Can you analyze the geopolitical implications of exploration in contested territories?
52. How do explorers promote cross-cultural understanding and cooperation?
53. Can you discuss the role of exploration in uncovering historical mysteries?
54. How do explorers balance scientific research with environmental stewardship?
55. Can you evaluate the impact of exploration on the sustainable development of remote regions?
56. How do explorers contribute to the protection of cultural heritage sites?
57. Can you discuss the psychological effects of isolation on long-term exploration missions?
58. How do explorers contribute to disaster response and relief efforts?
59. Can you analyze the role of exploration in addressing global challenges such as resource depletion?
60. How do explorers inspire future generations to pursue scientific inquiry and discovery?

Category 8: Talking about Colonialism and Independence Movements

Beginner (A1):

1. What is colonialism?
2. Can you name any countries that were once colonies?
3. What does independence mean?
4. Why did countries want to be independent?
5. Can you name a famous independence leader?
6. How do countries celebrate their independence?
7. What changes happen after a country becomes independent?
8. Can you name a colony that is now independent?
9. How do people fight for independence?
10. What are some examples of colonial powers?

Elementary (A2):

11. How long did colonialism last?
12. Can you name a famous colonial empire?
13. What were some reasons for colonial expansion?
14. How did colonialism impact the cultures of colonized countries?
15. Can you name a famous independence movement?
16. What are some common symbols of independence?
17. How did colonialism affect the economies of colonized countries?
18. Can you discuss the role of trade in colonialism?
19. How did colonialism impact indigenous peoples?
20. Can you name a famous speech about independence?

Intermediate (B1):

21. What were some strategies used by colonizers to maintain control?
22. Can you analyze the economic effects of colonialism on colonized countries?
23. How did colonialism impact the borders of countries?
24. What were some non-violent methods used in independence movements?
25. Can you discuss the role of nationalism in independence movements?
26. How did colonialism impact education in colonized countries?
27. What were some challenges faced by independence leaders?
28. Can you discuss the role of religion in colonialism and independence movements?
29. How did international support influence independence movements?
30. Can you name a post-colonial leader who became a national hero?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. How did colonialism impact the political systems of colonized countries?
32. Can you discuss the role of resistance movements in colonial territories?
33. What were some cultural consequences of colonialism?
34. How did colonialism impact land ownership in colonized countries?
35. Can you analyze the role of language in colonialism and independence movements?
36. How did colonialism impact gender roles in colonized societies?
37. What were some long-term effects of colonialism on colonized countries?
38. Can you discuss the legacy of colonialism in modern-day politics?
39. How did independence movements address issues of social justice?
40. Can you compare and contrast different approaches to decolonization?

Advanced (C1):

41. How did colonialism contribute to the global economy?
42. Can you discuss the psychological effects of colonialism on colonized peoples?
43. What role did intellectuals play in colonial resistance and independence movements?
44. How did colonialism impact environmental sustainability in colonized regions?
45. Can you analyze the role of international law in addressing colonial legacies?
46. How did colonialism impact the development of indigenous cultures?
47. What were some examples of collaboration between colonizers and local elites?
48. Can you discuss the role of armed struggle in independence movements?
49. How did colonialism shape modern concepts of race and ethnicity?
50. Can you discuss the role of memory and commemoration in post-colonial societies?

Proficient (C2):

51. How did colonialism influence the development of global power dynamics?
52. Can you analyze the impact of colonialism on health and healthcare systems?
53. What were some examples of cultural hybridity resulting from colonial encounters?
54. How did colonialism impact the formation of national identities?
55. Can you discuss the role of reparations in addressing colonial injustices?
56. How did colonialism influence the development of urban spaces in colonized territories?
57. What were some examples of indigenous resistance movements against colonial rule?
58. Can you discuss the role of memory and trauma in post-colonial societies?
59. How did colonialism shape patterns of migration and diaspora?
60. Can you speculate on the long-term implications of colonialism on global politics and economics?

Category 9: Talking about Industrial Revolution

Beginner (A1):

1. What is the Industrial Revolution?
2. Can you name any inventions from the Industrial Revolution?
3. How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives?
4. What are some examples of factories?
5. Can you name a famous inventor from the Industrial Revolution?
6. How did transportation change during the Industrial Revolution?
7. What were some common jobs during the Industrial Revolution?
8. Can you name a product made during the Industrial Revolution?
9. How did the Industrial Revolution impact cities?
10. What were some challenges faced by workers during this time?

Elementary (A2):

11. How did the Industrial Revolution begin?
12. Can you describe the role of steam power in the Industrial Revolution?
13. What were some effects of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?
14. How did the Industrial Revolution impact family life?
15. Can you name a famous industrialist from this era?
16. What were some social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution?
17. How did the Industrial Revolution affect children?
18. Can you explain the concept of urbanization during this time?
19. What were some improvements in healthcare during the Industrial Revolution?
20. How did the Industrial Revolution change the way people worked?

Intermediate (B1):

21. How did the Industrial Revolution impact agriculture?
22. Can you discuss the role of coal in the Industrial Revolution?
23. What were some advancements in communication during this time?
24. How did the Industrial Revolution impact global trade?
25. Can you analyze the role of women in the workforce during this era?
26. What were some examples of labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
27. How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of capitalism?
28. Can you discuss the role of child labor laws in response to the Industrial Revolution?
29. What were some examples of industrial cities during this time?
30. How did the Industrial Revolution lead to the rise of the middle class?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. Can you discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on colonialism?
32. How did the Industrial Revolution influence art and literature?
33. What were some examples of technological innovations during this time?
34. How did the Industrial Revolution impact social mobility?
35. Can you analyze the role of factories in shaping urban landscapes?
36. What were some examples of resistance movements during the Industrial Revolution?
37. How did the Industrial Revolution impact education and literacy rates?
38. Can you discuss the role of entrepreneurs in driving industrialization?
39. What were some examples of international cooperation during the Industrial Revolution?
40. How did the Industrial Revolution impact the structure of families and households?

Advanced (C1):

41. Can you discuss the role of imperialism in the spread of the Industrial Revolution?
42. How did the Industrial Revolution impact global inequality?
43. What were some examples of technological diffusion during this era?
44. How did the Industrial Revolution influence political ideologies?
45. Can you analyze the role of religion in response to the Industrial Revolution?
46. What were some examples of social reform movements during this time?
47. How did the Industrial Revolution impact the concept of leisure time?
48. Can you discuss the role of transportation infrastructure in fueling industrial growth?
49. What were some examples of industrial espionage and intellectual property theft?
50. How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the development of consumer culture?

Proficient (C2):

51. Can you discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on global population growth?
52. How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of nationalism?
53. What were some examples of revolutions and uprisings triggered by the Industrial Revolution?
54. How did the Industrial Revolution impact the relationship between humans and the environment?
55. Can you analyze the role of imperialism in resource extraction during this era?
56. What were some examples of humanitarian movements in response to industrialization?
57. How did the Industrial Revolution impact the concept of work-life balance?
58. Can you discuss the role of philanthropy in response to industrial inequality?
59. What were some examples of labor strikes and collective bargaining during this time?
60. How did the Industrial Revolution set the stage for future technological advancements?

Category 10 : Talking about Modern History

Beginner (A1):

1. What is modern history?
2. Can you name any events from modern history?
3. How is modern history different from ancient history?
4. What are some famous wars from modern history?
5. Can you name a modern-day leader?
6. How did technology change in modern history?
7. What are some examples of modern transportation?
8. Can you name a famous event from the 20th century?
9. How did communication change in modern history?
10. What are some common features of modern societies?

Elementary (A2):

11. How did World War I start?
12. Can you name a major event from the 19th century?
13. What were some consequences of World War II?
14. How did the Cold War affect global politics?
15. Can you discuss the impact of colonialism on modern history?
16. What were some advancements in medicine during modern history?
17. How did globalization shape modern societies?
18. Can you name a major economic recession from modern history?
19. How did the Civil Rights Movement impact modern society?
20. What role did women play in shaping modern history?

Intermediate (B1):

21. Can you analyze the causes of the French Revolution?
22. How did the Industrial Revolution influence modern history?
23. What were some major scientific discoveries in modern history?
24. How did the collapse of the Soviet Union change global dynamics?
25. Can you discuss the impact of imperialism in the 20th century?
26. What were some technological revolutions in modern history?
27. How did the United Nations shape modern diplomacy?
28. Can you analyze the impact of globalization on cultural exchange?
29. What were some major social movements in the 21st century?
30. How did the internet revolutionize modern communication?

Upper Intermediate (B2):

31. Can you discuss the impact of World War II on human rights?
32. How did decolonization shape modern geopolitics?
33. What were some major political ideologies of the 20th century?
34. How did the rise of nationalism influence modern history?
35. Can you analyze the impact of the space race on technological advancements?
36. What were some major conflicts of the late 20th century?
37. How did the Green Revolution impact modern agriculture?
38. Can you discuss the role of international organizations in modern governance?
39. What were some challenges faced by newly independent nations in the post-colonial era?
40. How did the feminist movement change perceptions of gender in modern society?

Advanced (C1):

41. Can you analyze the impact of globalization on income inequality?
42. How did the Arab Spring influence modern politics in the Middle East?
43. What were some major treaties and agreements in modern diplomatic history?
44. How did the rise of terrorism reshape global security policies?
45. Can you discuss the role of economic recessions in shaping modern economies?
46. What were some major advancements in renewable energy in modern history?
47. How did the end of apartheid in South Africa impact modern human rights movements?
48. Can you analyze the impact of mass migration on modern societies?
49. What were some major environmental movements in modern history?
50. How did the digital revolution change the nature of work in modern economies?

Proficient (C2):

51. Can you discuss the impact of modern warfare on civilian populations?
52. How did the fall of the Berlin Wall influence global politics?
53. What were some major geopolitical shifts in the early 21st century?
54. How did the global financial crisis of 2008 impact modern economies?
55. Can you analyze the role of social media in modern political movements?
56. What were some major advancements in biotechnology in modern history?
57. How did the rise of artificial intelligence shape modern industries?
58. Can you discuss the impact of climate change on modern societies?
59. What were some major humanitarian crises of the 21st century?
60. How did the COVID-19 pandemic reshape global priorities in modern times?

Category 11: “What If” Questions About Historical Events

1. What if the internet was invented in the 19th century? How would history have changed?
2. What if World War II had never happened? How would the world be different today?
3. What if the American colonies had never declared independence? How would history have unfolded?
4. What if the Titanic had never sunk? How would it have affected history?
5. What if the Cold War had turned into a full-scale war? What impact would that have had on the world?
6. What if the Ancient Egyptians had advanced technology? How would that have changed their civilization?
7. What if the Roman Empire never fell? How would history have been different?
8. What if the French Revolution had failed? How would it have affected France and the world?
9. What if the printing press was never invented? How would that have affected education and communication?
10. What if the Great Wall of China was never built? How would it have affected the history of China?
11. What if Christopher Columbus never discovered America? How would history have changed?

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Category 12: “What If” Questions About Historical Figures

1. What if Albert Einstein had never developed his theory of relativity? How would science have progressed?
2. What if Cleopatra had won the battle against Rome? How would Egypt’s history have changed?
3. What if Leonardo da Vinci had never existed? How would the Renaissance have looked without him?
4. What if Martin Luther King Jr. had never led the Civil Rights Movement? How would the world be different?
5. What if Napoleon Bonaparte had succeeded in his conquest of Europe? How would history have been different?
6. What if Marie Curie had not discovered radioactivity? How would that have changed science?
7. What if William Shakespeare had never written his plays? How would literature have evolved?
8. What if Queen Elizabeth I had married? How would that have impacted England’s history?
9. What if Mahatma Gandhi had not led India’s independence movement? How would the country’s history have changed?
10. What if Winston Churchill had not become Prime Minister during WWII? How would the war have been different?
11. What if Julius Caesar had not been assassinated? How would the Roman Empire have been different?
12. What if Abraham Lincoln had not been assassinated? How would the United States have changed during Reconstruction?

Conclusion

By integrating these 623 conversation questions about history into your lessons, you can help ESL students enhance their ability to discuss historical topics in English.

This will foster a deeper understanding of the past and improve their confidence in daily conversations. Utilizing these questions in different speaking activities will make learning interactive and enjoyable, ultimately helping students build their vocabulary and boost their confidence.

Use this resource to teach speaking skills effectively and support your students in becoming knowledgeable and critical communicators about history.